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高频无铁心变压器作为克服铁心磁饱和与高频损耗的关键技术，在新机理、新材料、新器件、新工艺与新拓扑共同推动下不断进步。本文系统地论述高频无铁心变压器发展历程，将它们按技术原理分为谐振式高频无铁心变压器、感应式高频无铁心变压器、宇称时间（PT）对称高频无铁心变压器3大类型。谐振式高频无铁心变压器通过漏感复用与动态频率匹配，在MHz频段实现高效率与高功率密度；感应式高频无铁心变压器依托高温超导材料的零电阻特性，实现了极低损耗传输但受限于低温系统的复杂性；PT对称高频无铁心变压器通过增益-损耗动态平衡机制，实现宽负载适应性与高功率密度的双重突破，是量子力学与电力电子的跨学科融合典范。通过对比3类技术在功率因数、漏感压降、效率及负载适应性等维度的性能指标，认为PT对称高频无铁心变压器突破了高频能量传输的机理，目前最具实用价值。
Abstract：High-frequency coreless transformers,as a key technology to overcome core magnetic saturation and highfrequency losses,are constantly advancing under the joint promotion of new mechanisms,new materials,new devices,new processes,and new topologies.This paper systematically discusses the development history of high-frequency coreless transformers,which are divided into three categories based on technical principles:resonant high-frequency coreless transformers,inductive high-frequency coreless transformers,and parity time(PT) symmetry high-frequency coreless transformers.Resonant high-frequency coreless transformers achieve high efficiency and high power density in the MHz frequency band through leakage inductance reuse and dynamic frequency matching.Inductive high-frequency coreless transformers rely on the zero resistance characteristics of high-temperature superconducting materials to achieve extremely low loss transmission,but are limited by the complexity of low-temperature systems. The PT symmetric highfrequency coreless transformer achieves a dual breakthrough of wide load adaptability and high power density through a gain-loss dynamic balance mechanism,which is a model of interdisciplinary integration between quantum mechanics and power electronics.By comparing the performance indicators of three types of technologies in terms of power factor,leakage inductance voltage drop,efficiency,and load adaptability,it is believed that PT symmetric high-frequency coreless transformers have broken through the mechanism of high-frequency energy transmission and currently have the most practical value.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.20222/j.cnki.cn61-1124/tm.20250519.007
中图分类号:TM40
引用信息:
[1]魏子征,张波.高频无铁心变压器的发展历程及技术演进[J].电力电子技术,2025,59(12):1-10.DOI:10.20222/j.cnki.cn61-1124/tm.20250519.007.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130705)